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Surface water includes surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Carrying out real-time water quality detection on surface water can help timely grasp the water quality status of water bodies at key basin sections, provide early warning and forecast for major or basin-wide water pollution accidents, resolve disputes over water pollution accidents in administrative regions, and supervise the implementation of the total amount control system, compliance with discharge standards, etc.

The detection indicators for surface water generally include 9 water quality parameters such as water temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and permanganate index. Sometimes, detection of parameters such as heavy metals, cyanobacteria, chlorophyll, ORP, fluoride ions, and flow rate can be added as needed.